The past thirty years have witnessed the birth of what might be called a “business and human rights movement”, which has made in-roads into law, business practice and government policy. There are successes to be celebrated but perhaps an even greater weight of unmet potential and responsibility remains. The sentiment that the global economy benefits the few and not the many is now widespread all over the world. If human rights are, in essence, about addressing part of the power imbalance between individuals and the state – an equation into which we have increasingly inserted business – then perhaps the movement is failing. Where was the force of the human rights message in 2008 during the financial crisis, the aftermath of which continues to shape politics in many countries? We need to ask ourselves tough questions about the decade ahead if the business and human rights agenda is to achieve both scale and impact. This means greater integration of business and human rights principles and approaches into the systems of global, regional, national and local governance, while also achieving much greater penetration into the existing power relationships that have created or allowed the systemic abuse of human rights to continue around the world unchecked. If it were easy, it would have been done by now. Can we build sufficient leverage over the decade ahead to give ourselves a fighting chance? As the Institute for Human Rights and Business (IHRB) marks its 10th anniversary in 2019, it is a fitting moment to look back, both at what has been achieved, and what remains to be done in making respect for human rights an integral part of everyday business practice. Against a backdrop of rising populism, nationalism, and protectionism, challenges to the post-World War II multilateral system, and the undermining of the international human rights architecture that has been built up for over 70 years, this report not only reflects on the past, but also looks ahead.