Climate change aff ects various human and natural systems and poses a serious challenge to economic development and ecosystem sustainability. Potential benefi cial and adverse eff ects due to climatic change should therefore be explicitly considered in decision-making about proposed policies, plans, programs, and projects. Addressing risks and opportunities is essential for taking decisions that will remain robust under future conditions, when many climate change impacts are expected to become more signifi cant.Impact Assessment (IA) can ensure that the design of policies, plans, programs, and projects prop-erly addresses both the mitigation of climate change (the eff ects of the proposal on greenhouse gas emissions), and adaptation to climate change (eff ects of climate change on the proposal). Taking into account climate change in decision-making through IA can help reduce vulnerability to a changing climate and thus increase the resilience of natural and human systems. IA can further play a signifi cant role in achieving national, regional or sectoral climate change objectives. This note focuses on key things to know and to do when considering climate change in IA.