A significant impediment to successful implementation of Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (EslA) is failure to incorporate in decision documents and related permits, the requirements, commitments, and conditions identified in the EslA process. Following EslA completion, enforceable conditions for approval—including avoidance, mitigation, and compensation—must be backed up by enforceable provisions before the project site is prepared, construction gets underway, operations begin, or the project is closed. In the absence of enforceable provisions, compliance monitoring, and enforcement, there is limited accountability. Society then bears the cost of impacts that should have been addressed, and public confidence is eroded when promised actions to avoid harm or enhance benefits have not been taken, jeopardizing acceptance of future projects.