This synthesis report explores whether and how climate adaptation programmes have been conflict-sensitive in fragile and conflict-affected situations (FCSs). It looks also at the barriers and enablers to increasing adaptation finance to these contexts. The report refers to these two issues as the ‘conflict blind spots’ in climate adaptation finance. In this study, climate adaptation programmes are defined broadly to include: (1) projects whose principal objective is to reduce vulnerability of human and natural systems to current and expected climate impacts by increasing resilience, and/or reducing exposure to them; and (2) development projects with other principal objectives, such as poverty reduction, where climate change concerns are mainstreamed into activities (these programmes are often also called climate-relevant development programmes).1 Therefore, many of the issues identified throughout the report do not apply solely to adaptation finance but to official development assistance (ODA) more generally. The report is based on an analysis of approaches to conflict sensitivity of donors operating in the Sahel and Horn of Africa – a region with a large concentration of highly climate-vulnerable and conflict-affected countries (Moran et al., 2018) – and synthesis of findings from the application of such approaches to climate adaptation investments in Mali, Somalia and Sudan. It is informed by, and should be read in conjunction with its sister report ‘Exploring the conflict blind spots in climate adaptation finance in the Sahel and Horn of Africa’, which documents in full the donor analysis and the three country case studies.