As global demand for energy and natural resources continues to grow, extractive industry projects have expanded and moved into increasingly remote areas to keep pace with this demand. These large-scale projects may bring opportunity for citizens of the nations where the resources are being developed. However, the poorest and most marginalized people are often excluded from potential project benefits. Increasingly, indigenous peoples and local communities have called on governments and companies to enable them to give or withhold their free, prior, and informed consent (FPIC) before the start of extractive industry projects that have the potential to affect their lands and natural resources.