This Note does not discuss various internal grievance procedures intended for employees or commercial disputes involving contractors, suppliers, customers or consumers. The Note focuses on grievance management at the level of private sector projects and companies and is not intended to cover aspects of government-, industry-, or international-level grievance mechanisms. Such mechanisms—together with the formal justice system and other independent dispute resolution and accountability bodies—are part of a broader accountability framework for the private sector, and serve as drivers for companies to engage more effectively with communities to preempt escalation of grievances and disputes. Thus, a company’s accountability to its stakeholders encompasses more than a project-level grievance mechanism, which is only one of the tools that companies can use to respond to the need for greater accountability, without undermining or limiting communities’ rights to use alternative avenues for recourse.