The purpose of this Guidance and Toolbox is to provide those who are involved in conducting, commissioning, reviewing or monitoring Human Rights Impact Assessments (HRIA) of business projects and activities with guidance and practical tools; with the view to ensuring that such assessments apply a human rights-based approach and are consistent with the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UN Guiding Principles). With increased attention being given to the accountability of businesses for their human rights impacts, HRIA has gained traction as one approach available to the private sector, non-government and civil society organisations (NGOsand CSOs), governments and other stakeholders, to assess and evaluate the impacts of business activities on the human rights enjoyment of rights-holders, such as workers and communities. In the business and human rights context, the UN Guiding Principles have been one key driver for HRIA development.