This Resource Guide is a tool for Indigenous communities to operationalize their right to FPIC and to effectively engage in negotiations when they choose to do so. The Guide includes a collection of best practices, lessons learned, and case studies to assist Indigenous negotiators at all stages of a negotiation. Chapters describe the technical aspects of negotiated agreements, while emphasizing a community’s right to decide throughout all stages of a negotiation. Some negotiators may benefit from reading the complete Guide. For others, certain chapters will be more relevant, depending on the stage of a negotiation, a community’s experience with previous negotiations, the strength of a community’s traditional governance processes, or the sector with which the community is engaging in negotiations. The primary audience for this Resource Guide is all Indigenous, aboriginal and traditional communities that want to know more about effectively negotiating equitable benefit-sharing mechanisms. The intent is for the content to be available to all community members, and not only community leaders. Making these concepts accessible to community members, including those who cannot read English, will require that others explain the concepts, enabling community-wide engagement. The Guide is designed to help communities consider and make their own informed choices, rather than having decisions made by advisors, the project proponent, or the government. It provides technical and strategic resources for those communities that move forward with negotiations, while respecting the choice of those that opt for other strategies.