This guide is intended for use when a community has expressed a desire to monitor biodiversity, but wants additional support or facilitation to do so. This guide aims to help communities monitor both biodiversity of local importance for socio-cultural and economic purposes, and biodiversity of external conservation concern, such as species protected by national and international regulations and agreements. By monitoring biodiversity of importance both to local communities and to a wider conservation audience, IPs and LCs can more clearly demonstrate their role as environmental stewards, including to support their land claims, inter alia by demonstrating that they are the best guardians of their ancestral lands. Enabling local organisations to better facilitate and support IPs and LCs will promote more robust community-based monitoring efforts. In turn, communities will be better equipped to independently develop and manage community monitoring programmes and community land-use plans. They will also be able to contribute sound evidence on the state of biodiversity on their lands to help shape local, national and international conservation policy, as well as contribute practically to biodiversity conservation and the sustainable use of natural resources. We have developed this practical step-by-step guide for use in community projects within the Transformative Pathways project and globally. This guide is part of a series being developed as part of the Transformative Pathways project, and will be accompanied by additional training materials and resources that local communities and organisations can draw on to meet their needs: transformativepathways.net