The International Finance Corporation (IFC) published its first guidance on involuntary resettlement in 2002, the Handbook for Preparing a Resettlement Action Plan, which became a widely used and referenced tool for practitioners. IFC’s experience since that time has strengthened our understanding of the risks inherent in involuntary resettlement, as well as the opportunities it can provide to improve the living conditions and livelihoods of those affected. Ten years after the publication of the 2002 handbook, IFC built on the experience it had gained for the update of its Sustainability Framework, in particular Performance Standard 5 and the accompanying guidance note. Resettlement is one of the most complex aspects of project development. If its impacts are misunderstood or underestimated, mitigation measures are likely to be inadequate and unable to achieve their objectives, to the detriment of project affected persons. Conversely, when the resettlement process is well planned and implemented, and firmly grounded in robust stakeholder engagement, it can lead to positive outcomes and improved livelihoods. In the past decade, land acquisition and resettlement programs have increasingly taken broader environmental and social issues into account, including the potential impacts of climate change and the unique challenges that women often face, such as gender-based violence. Positive changes in these programs encompass more inclusive and participatory consultation and design, as well as collaboration with development partners on innovative measures to restore and enhance livelihoods. This Good Practice Handbook: Land Acquisition and Involuntary Resettlement is a comprehensive and detailed practitioner’s guide to implementing resettlement and livelihood restoration processes in a wide range of land acquisition circumstances. Its goals are to capture and convey to practitioners, project teams, and specialists the knowledge and experience accumulated over the past years and provide them with updated and proven tools to help them and their clients address and mitigate the impacts of land acquisition and involuntary resettlement, including in complex institutional situations where the government is mandated to lead land acquisition for private-sector projects. The handbook outlines the framework and methodology for planning, conducting socioeconomic studies for, designing, implementing, and monitoring the entire resettlement and livelihood-restoration process to achieve positive, long-term sustainable outcomes, consistent with the requirements of Performance Standard 5.