Engaging with Aboriginal communities is a specialised area which requires a culturally sensitive approach, and relies on a commitment from the project team to two-way learning. This practice note supports the department’s ‘Social Impact Assessment Guideline for State Significant Projects’. Like all community engagement for state-significant projects, engaging with Aboriginal communities should occur as early in the project development and planning phase as possible, and continue throughout the project approval and development lifecycle. This can assist to build trust between communities and project teams over the long term, helping to deliver positive outcomes for Aboriginal communities. Aboriginal communities may also be engaged at different phases and for different reasons throughout the project development (e.g. for other EIS studies such as Aboriginal cultural heritage assessments). It is important to coordinate engagement activities with Aboriginal communities to avoid duplication and ‘consultation fatigue’.