The world is on an ambitious path to decarbonize and achieve net-zero emissions. However, critical minerals essential for key emissions-reduction technologies may be in short supply by 2030. Historical underinvestment in mining and exploration, as well as supply chain disruptions, are already creating demand-supply gaps. So are lengthy lead times between exploration and production, on top of the fact that often these minerals have complex orebodies, making them difficult and costly to extract. If current trends hold, many minerals’ supply may fall short of demand by 2030, potentially jeopardizing short-term climate goals and driving further price volatility. It is crucial to identify and understand key supply chain risks to manage the minerals-related obstacles for the energy transition. Two types of risks are associated with the supply-demand gap of critical minerals: (i) risks associated with the inability to close the supply-demand gap and (ii) risks associated with the efforts to close the supply-demand gap. Both could significantly delay the energy transition. These risks threaten to disrupt the supply chain beyond the mining and metals industry, delay the energy transition, and have deleterious social and environmental outcomes. This report identifies 10 high-priority risk management strategies for these key minerals. These strategies are designed to: reduce resource intensity; mobilize investment; leverage alternative financing; increase data transparency; address price uncertainty; increase value-add for local communities; encourage dialogue on policy design; accelerate innovation; address lack of consistency among mining-related environmental, social and governance (ESG) standards; and streamline mining projects’ approval. They are essential for creating a more resilient and sustainable mining industry that can meet the growing demand for critical minerals in a responsible and equitable manner. Effective risk management requires stakeholders to collectively reduce and adapt to supply-chain risks. Global collaboration can raise awareness and drive action to tackle the disparity in the supply and demand of critical minerals. On the contrary, isolated efforts by governments, the private sector and non-profit organizations are unlikely to address the energy transition challenge. Collaboration is necessary to unify efforts, mitigate regional imbalances and ensure sufficient and equitable supply of critical minerals. The key themes for global collaboration include facilitating policy dialogue, supporting investment mobilization, accelerating innovation, evaluating gaps in existing ESG standards, and building capabilities across the value chain. This report dives into the critical role of three priority collaborative actions – facilitating policy dialogue, supporting investment mobilization and accelerating innovation.