A just transition cannot truly be considered “just” unless those most affected are included in the process and have an opportunity to shape its outcome and process. As businesses navigate the transition to a low-carbon economy, companies should engage in a proactive, responsive, and ongoing way with stakeholders to understand their perspectives and concerns before making major decisions that impact them. Stakeholder engagement and social dialogue in the context of a just transition involves connecting with diverse groups to understand and address social risks while also identifying and maximizing potential benefits. The approach to stakeholder engagement and social dialogue may differ depending on whether a company is “transitioning out” of high-carbon assets and activities or “transitioning in” to low-carbon opportunities. The aim is to integrate stakeholder—including worker—perspectives into transition planning and management, ensuring the process is fair and has the goal of creating positive outcomes for all involved. Transition out: For companies phasing out emissions intensive assets like coal plants or oil/gas operations, stakeholder engagement and stakeholder dialogue focuses on responsibly managing the impacts on affected workers and communities. This requires deep engagement with those closely tied to the legacy business. While risk mitigation and remedy are crucial, companies should also strive to create lasting positive impacts, such as supporting community and worker resilience through skills development, fostering local economic diversification, or leaving behind beneficial infrastructure so that stakeholders can thrive post-transition. Transition in: For companies developing new low-carbon projects, stakeholder engagement involves proactively consulting with potentially impacted groups to understand their perspectives, concerns, and aspirations. This process should build on established best practices while broadening engagement to include voices from traditionally overlooked or excluded groups. Companies should seek opportunities for benefit sharing and co-creation, key mechanisms for achieving a just transition, to ensure that host and impacted communities and stakeholders receive economic, social, and environmental value from the project. It is also crucial to acknowledge the potential for cumulative impacts and stakeholder engagement fatigue, especially in regions with multiple projects. To address this, companies operating in the same area have an opportunity to collaborate, coordinating their engagement efforts to minimize redundancy and maximize meaningful participation. Ultimately, comprehensive social dialogue and stakeholder engagement will enhance understanding of the perspectives and priorities of workers, their unions and representatives, affected communities, local and national governments, and other stakeholders that are foundational to the process of ensuring a rights-respecting energy transition.